The skin remembers sunburn for a lifetime. This is because ultraviolet rays penetrate into the deepest layers of the skin. Although UVC rays are almost completely absorbed by the ozone layer, UVB rays can directly attack cells and DNA, and UVA rays are also dangerous: they lead to oxidative stress and thus indirectly cause damage. Optimal protection from the sun is therefore not only a measure against premature skin ageing, but also an essential protection against skin cancer. This has been proven by numerous publications.
Protective effect
Sunscreens are based on two factors: chemical and physical light protection. To be effective, they contain filter substances that absorb the high-energy UV radiation and render it harmless to the skin. On the other hand, they contain tiny particles that physically reflect and block the light. This dual principle of action means that the skin is well protected, provided that the product is applied in sufficient quantity.
As a rule of thumb for adults, around four heaped tablespoons are recommended for the body and the “two-finger rule” for the face and neck (one strand of cream on the index and middle fingers). The specified sun protection is only guaranteed if this amount is applied.
Sensible product selection
However, the product must be selected precisely according to skin type, pre-tanning, exposure time and UV index. The sun protection factor indicates how much longer a person can stay in the sun when wearing sunscreen without suffering sunburn. The individual maximum daily dose can be determined at www.uv-check.de or with the app of the same name. In addition to the skin type’s own protection time, the weather situation is also taken into account and the optimum sun protection factor is recommended. But be careful: the exposure time should still be limited, as there is no such thing as 100% protection.
Important rules
It is important not to neglect areas such as the ears, nose and scalp (including areas with little hair) and especially the lips when applying cream. This is because the red of the lips is extremely sensitive as it lacks the natural protection of a tan. Care products with a high sun protection factor can be used for this purpose. It also makes sense to follow a few rules. For example, you should generally not expose yourself to the sun between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m., as this is when the radiation is at its highest – even in the shade and on cloudy days. Long-sleeved, sunproof clothing and wide-brimmed hats can also serve as protection, provided that uncovered parts of the body are appropriately creamed.
Why early prevention is crucial
As the skin is still very thin at a young age, you need to be particularly careful with babies and small children. Children under the age of two should not be exposed to direct sunlight, and then only with very good sun protection. This is because their own protection mechanism only develops gradually. Australia is a pioneer when it comes to sun protection and is very good at introducing children to the subject. With the slogan “Slip, slop, slap, seek shadow and slide!” they learn how sensible sun protection works best: “Slip” the T-shirt on, “slop” the sun cream on the skin, “slap” the hat on, “seek” the shade and “slide” the sunglasses over the eyes.
Regular visits to the dermatologist are particularly important if you have already suffered frequent sunburns. During skin cancer screening, we can see to what extent the skin is already damaged. Read more under:
Read more under: Skin cancer before and aftercare
